The child at his desk, filling in his workbook, is behaving primarily to escape from the threat of a series of minor aversive events—the teacher’s displeasure, the criticism or ridicule of his classmates, an ignominious showing in a competition, low marks, a trip to the office ‘to be talked to’ by the principal, or a word to the parent who may still resort to the birch rod.”
— 📖 Teaching Machines — The History of Personalized Learning